In the ADR, the base rule set for the transport of dangerous goods by road and rail, the special provisions contain specifications on how to handle the different types and amounts of lithium batteries. The following presents the most important special provisions (abbreviated SV) from the ADR. For the transport of Li-ion batteries, the most important special provisions are SV 376, SV 377, SV 387 and SV 636. In addition, SV 188, SV 230, SV 310 and SV 348 are also relevant.
Special Provision SV 310 Transport of Prototypes or Small Series
For lithium-ion batteries and lithium batteries from small series or in the status of a prototype, SV 376 or SV 377 do not apply; instead SV 310 applies. Here it is, for example, specified that the batteries must be packed for transport according to packing instruction P910. A corresponding labeling must be performed.
Defective batteries – SV 376 must be applied
If the battery prototypes or small-series cells are defective or show mechanical damage, they must be transported according to the SV 376 listed below in order to minimize any danger. Accordingly, other packing instructions from SV 376 (P 908, LP 904) also apply.
For transport to disposal: SV 377 applies
If the battery prototypes are to be disposed of but are neither mechanically damaged nor otherwise defective, SV 377 applies, which must be used for all batteries destined for disposal. Analogous packing instructions from P 909 also apply to these battery prototypes.
Special Provision SV 376 from the ADR – for defective Li-ion batteries
In Special Provision SV 376 from the ADR, measures for the transport of lithium batteries and lithium-ion batteries that are defective and damaged are defined. Examples of such defects are leaked battery cells, venting batteries, mechanically or externally damaged battery cells, as well as e.g. battery cells that can no longer be diagnosed and from which one must assume they are no longer intact. Both the papers and the shipping pieces must contain a corresponding marking.
Increased precautions during transport
For this type of lithium batteries, which pose a potential danger of fire or explosion, increased precautions during transport apply, which are explained in more detail in SV 376. In SV 376 from the ADR, the respective packing instructions are referenced, where the exact details are formulated. Generally, lithium batteries and lithium-ion batteries that fall under SV 376 are transported in special battery containers that have a approval according to SV 376.
Especially dangerous cells must be packed according to packing instruction P911 / LP 906
When defective Li-ion batteries pose especially high hazards, they must be packed according to packing regulations P 911 / LP 906. These are, for example, battery cells in which, under normal transport conditions, flame formation, disintegration, uncontrolled heat development or gas emission is expected.
Special Provision SV 377 from the ADR – for disposal and recycling of batteries.
The labeling of lithium-ion batteries / LiPo batteries that are transported for disposal or recycling must be in accordance with SV 377 from the ADR. As part of this special provision, it is regulated that these shipping pieces may be packed according to Packaging Regulation P 909. Before transport, it must be ensured that the lithium batteries are not damaged or defective; then SV 376 applies (see above). The shipping pieces must contain a corresponding label indicating that lithium batteries are being transported for disposal or recycling.
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